怎样使用tar命令打包(备份)文件?
A:The syntax of tar is:
tar [options][files]
The options used most often with tar are as follows:
c Creates a new backup,overwriting any files already on the backup destination.
x Extracts files from backup media.
t Lists the contents of backup media.
v Displays the name of each file being processed.
f Creates backups on a specified device.
u Adds files to the backup if they are not already there,or if they have been modified since they were last written on the backup.
步骤:
1)估算打包文件的大小,确定使用档案媒体(archive media)的空间,用命令du -s
例如:
$ lf
a.out* fork.c mbox time.c
atoi.c int.c memcpy.c vi
$ du -s
296 .
$
该例显示的296代表the total number of 512-byte blocks,计算:512*296/1024=148kilobytes.
2)制作备份,用命令tar cvf /dev/fd0135ds18 .(将该目录下的所有内容备份到1.44英寸软盘中where c causes a new backup to be created,v causes each file to be displayed as the backing up takes place,and f causes the subsequent argument--/dev/fd0135ds18 to be the destination of the backup.)
注:平时硬盘上的备份,我们一般用命令tar cvf filename.tar .
例如:
$ tar cvf wuyd.tar .
a ./.profile 2 tape blocks
a ./.lastlogin 0 tape blocks
a ./mbox 10 tape blocks
a ./fork.c 2 tape blocks
a ./memcpy.c 1 tape blocks
a ./.sh_history 3 tape blocks
a ./a.out 91 tape blocks
a ./time.c 1 tape blocks
a ./vi 169 tape blocks
a ./int.c 1 tape blocks
a ./atoi.c 1 tape blocks
tar: same as archive file: ./wuyd.tar
a ./.scoadmin.pref 1 tape blocks
$ lf
a.out* fork.c mbox time.c wuyd.tar
atoi.c int.c memcpy.c vi
我们还可以用命令tar cvf /dev/fd0135ds18 ./filename将该目录下的名为filename的文件备份到archive media中
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